Old Holland Classic Artist Watercolor - Sapgreen Lake Extra, 6 ml tube

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PY151-Benzimidazolone Yellow

PBk7-Lamp Black

PY42-Mars Orange

PG7-Phthalo Green

PY153-Nickel Dioxine Yellow

Pigment Name

PY151-Benzimidazolone Yellow

Pigment Type

oranic, monoazo

Properties

Benzimidazolone Yellow is a greenish yellow pigment with dull tints and an average drying time. It mixes very cleanly. It mixes cleanly with both Phthalo Green and Titanium White. Although more expensive than many Hansa and Diarylide pigments, its mixing properties, durability, and lightfastness have won it many customers.

Permanence

Benzimidazolone Yellow has excellent lightfastness and durability. This has made it an extremely important pigment in the printing industry, for applications where lightfastness is a primary consideration. Though it is not absolutely lightfast, it ranks extremely well among organic yellows.

Toxicity

Benzimidazolone Yellow is not considered toxic.

History

The benzimidazolone group of pigments was developed and patented in 1960 by Hoechst A.G., a German chemical manufacturer that was a forerunner of the pharmaceutical company Aventis.

Pigment Name

PBk7-Lamp Black

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

carbon

Chemical Formula

C

Properties

Lamp black is a very opaque, heavily staining black pigment that does not have much covering or tinting power. It is typically the most opaque black in watercolor form. Though a very pure black, it tends to muddy slightly in mixtures. Natural sources may be brownish or bluish in tone because of impurities. When used in oil paints, it is one of the slowest drying pigments, and should not be used in underpainting or applied in layers underneath other colors.

Permanence

Lamp Black is very lightfast and absolutely permanent. It is used in all techniques in permanent painting.

Toxicity

<p>Carbon itself is not considered hazardous, however other combustion products that are hazardous are often present as impurities when Lamp Black is produced from natural materials. For this reason, commercial preparations of the pigment should be considered slightly toxic. Avoid skin contact and inhalation. Where such impurities are present, Lamp Black is a possible human carcinogen.</p>

History

Lamp Black is a carbon based black traditionally produced by collecting soot (known as lampblack) from oil lamps. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. It is the black found in Egyptian murals and tomb decorations and was the most popular black for fresco painting until the development of Mars Black.

Pigment Name

PY42-Mars Orange

Pigment Type

inorganic, earth

Chemical Name

iron oxide

Chemical Formula

Fe2O2 or Fe2O3&nbsp;&bull;&nbsp;H2O

Properties

Mars Orange is a bright, extremely light red and appears almost pinkish in contrast with darker colors. It has incredible tinting strength and opacity. The synthetic form of Mars Orange is made from iron oxides and is cleaner, brighter, and denser than its ochre-based counterparts.

Permanence

Mars Orange has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Mars Orange has no significant hazards.

History

The word Mars refers to the Roman god of iron and war. Mars Orange has been manufactured as a pigment since the 17th century.

Pigment Name

PG7-Phthalo Green

Pigment Type

organic

Chemical Name

polychlorinated copper(II) phthalocyanine

Chemical Formula

C32H3Cl13CuN8 to C32HCl15CuN8 or C32H16CuN8Cl15 (PG7) or C32Br6Cl10CuN8 (PG36)

Properties

Phthalo Green is a transparent, cool, bright, high intensity color used in oil and acrylics. It comes from a Phthalocyanine Blue pigment where most of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine, forming highly stable molecules. It has similar pigment properties and permanence to Phthalo Blue. It is slow drying and an excellent base color for mixing a range of bright greens. Phthalo Green is considered a very good alternative to Viridian because it is intense and mixes well and can be used to emphasize mineral colors in various tints. However, its tinting strength is very high, so it can overpower other colors. This pigment most closely resembles the discontinued and toxic Verdigris.

Permanence

Phthalo Greens are completely lightfast and resistant to alkali, acids, solvents, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. They are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics due to their stability and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.

Toxicity

Phthalo Green has no significant hazards, but it contained PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) until 1982.

History

This bright blue-green was developed in 1935 and has been in use since 1938.

Pigment Name

PY153-Nickel Dioxine Yellow

Pigment Type

organic synthetic

Chemical Formula

C28H12N2O2

Properties

Nickel dioxine yellow is a semi-transparent, lightly staining yellow pigment with high tinting strength, although less than that of the diarylides. It is considered a good color match for Indian Yellow, a historic pigment that is no longer available. Drying time is average.

Permanence

Nickel Dioxine Yellow has excellent lightfastness.

Toxicity

Nickel metal&nbsp;is toxic and may irritate skin.

History

Unknown.