Old Holland Classic Artist Watercolor - Brilliant Yellow, 6 ml tube

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PW4-Zinc White

PY83-Diarylide Yellow 83

PO73-Transparent Pyrrole Orange

Pigment Name

PW4-Zinc White

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

zinc(II)-oxide

Chemical Formula

ZnO

Properties

Zinc White is the coolest white, and it has a cold, clean masstone and a slightly bluish tint. It has less hiding power and is more transparent than other whites. It dries slowly and is good for painting wet into wet and for glazing and scumbling. Zinc White is neither as opaque nor as heavy as Lead White, its covering power is not as good, and it takes much longer to dry. However, it does not blacken when exposed to sulfur in the air as Lead White does. It is very valuable for making tints with other colors. Unmixed Zinc White dries to a brittle and dry paint film that may crack over the years, so it is not good for frescoing. It is more transparent in acrylic form than Titanium White and is the most commonly used white with gouache. Chinese White is a version of Zinc White appropriate for opaque watercolor techniques.

Permanence

Zinc White has great permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Zinc White is moderately toxic if ingested and slightly toxic if inhaled.

History

Though historians are divided on who first isolated the element zinc, they agree that it was first suggested as a white pigment in 1782. Zinc White was accepted as a watercolor in 1834 and was called Chinese White due to the popularity of oriental porcelain in Europe at the time. Ten years later, a suitable oil form was produced. By the early 20th century, it had improved to the point where it was an acceptable alternative to Flake White.

Pigment Name

PY83-Diarylide Yellow 83

Pigment Type

organic, disazo

Chemical Formula

C36H32Cl4N6O8

Properties

Diarylide Yellow is a semi-opaque, moderately staining, intense deep reddish yellow pigment with good tinting strength.

Permanence

Diarylide Yellow 83 has very good lightfastness and permanence. However, it can fade in tints, so some artists do not consider it suitable as an artists' color. Many other diarylide yellow pigments are reported to have fair to poor lightfastness, and some are completely fugitive. Diarylide Yellow 83 is reputed to be one of the most permanent of the entire group.

Toxicity

Diarylide Yellow has no significant acute hazards, but chronic hazards have not been well studied.

History

Diarylide Yellow comes from a family of azo pigments called Diarylide. These yellow hued pigments were developed around 1940 and are very important in printing inks.

Pigment Name

PO73-Transparent Pyrrole Orange

Pigment Type

organic, aminoketone

Chemical Name

dipyrrolopyrrol

Properties

Transparent Pyrrole Orange is a yellow-shade orange with optimum performance; high saturation and excellent durability, excellent bleed resistance, and intrinsic strength coupled with good opacity and moderate rheology. It is semi-opaque, less opaque than Cadmium Orange.

Permanence

Transparent Pyrrole Orange has been demonstrated to have excellent stability and lightfastness in automotive applications.

Toxicity

The Australian government's Department of Health and Aging, reported in its Summary Report: NA/238 that "Irgazin DPP Orange 16AOA is likely to be of low oral and dermal toxicity in humans and to be non irritating or very slightly irritating to the ey

History

Irgazin Orange was developed as a lead-free alternative opaque orange pigment. It is used in decorative, industrial, and automotive applications, often to color plastics and polymers.