Old Holland Classic Oil Color - Payne's Grey, 225 ml tube

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PBL9-Bone Black

PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]

Pigment Name

PBL9-Bone Black

Pigment Type

inorganic/organic

Chemical Name

carbon

Chemical Formula

C

Properties

Bone Black is a carbon black pigment produced from charring animal bones, usually done at high temperature in a kiln, similar to Ivory Black.

Permanence

Bone Black is absolutely permanent.

Toxicity

Bone Black is non-toxic, provided that it does not contain harmful impurities.

History

Bone Black has been used as a source of pigment since prehistoric times. It has been detected in paintings back to the Middle Ages.

Pigment Name

PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur

Chemical Formula

Na8-10Al6Si6O24S2-4 or Na6-8Al6Si6O24S2-4

Properties

Ultramarine is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment that has the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has a moderate to high tinting strength and a beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine. Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and tends to produce clean, though granular, washes in watercolor. French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colors in oil and watercolor form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form, but mixes well with other colors. The shade varies based on manufacturer. Considered a great color for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Permanence

Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is not as permanent as natural Ultramarine. It may discolor if exposed to acid because of its sulfuric content.

Toxicity

Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History

The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples starting in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Ultramarine is currently imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colors on their palettes.