Shiva Signature Artist Oil Color - Ice Blue, 5 oz Tube

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PW6-Titanium White

PBr7-Burnt Umber

PB27-Antwerp Blue

Pigment Name

PW6-Titanium White

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

titanium dioxide

Chemical Formula

TiO2

Properties

Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all purpose oil color useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it somewhere between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolor form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.

Permanence

Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.

Toxicity

Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies give no indiciation that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with inhalation of fine pigment dust particl

History

Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, however mineral deposits that are economical to mine are less common. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.

Pigment Name

PBr7-Burnt Umber

Pigment Type

earth

Chemical Name

iron oxides with manganese silicates or dioxide

Chemical Formula

Fe2O3,MnO2 or Fe2O3+MnO2+nH2O+Si+Al2O3

Properties

Burnt Umber is a more intense reddish brown pigment that results from heating the clay pigment Raw Umber. It has medium to excellent tinting strength and high opacity, and it is quick drying in oil form. Burnt Umber is somewhat more transparent than Raw Umber. It has excellent color properties and can create a variety of subtle, clear tints when mixed with white. It can tend towards chalkiness in dark mixes in oil form, but overall it mixes well with other colors. To create a black color in oil form, mix Burnt Umber with Phthalo Blue or Ultramarine. To achieve a similar color in watercolor form, mix it with Ultramarine or Payne's Gray.

Permanence

Burnt Umber has good permanence.

Toxicity

Burnt Umber itself is considered non-toxic. If contaminated by manganese compounds, it may be highly toxic if inhaled and moderately toxic if ingested.

History

This pigment gets its name from the Latin word umbra, meaning shadow or shade. Its full name is listed as terra di ombra, meaning earth of shadow/shade, due to its original extraction from the area of Umbria, Italy. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. Currently, the finest umber comes from Cyprus.

Pigment Name

PB27-Antwerp Blue

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

ferric ammonium ferrocyanide

Chemical Formula

C18Fe7N18

Properties

Antwerp Blue is a slightly warm and less saturated blue with good transparency and undertone clarity. It is a pale variety of Prussian Blue with 75% inert pigment. It has similar properties to pure Prussian Blue, but its overall performance is inferior.

Permanence

Antwerp Blue can fluctuate, fading in the light and recovering in the dark. In watercolor form, it fades when mixed with white pigment or extender. Although it has reasonably good lightfastness and permanence, it is not considered ideal for permanent painting.

Toxicity

Antwerp Blue is mildly toxic by ingestion, but is considered safe for external use. In the United States, ferric ferrocyanide is permitted as a coloring ingredient for externally applied cosmetics, but not for lipsticks or internal use. If the pigment is

History

Antwerp Blue was developed through experimentation with Prussian Blue.