Sennelier Artists' Oil Stick - Burnt Sienna

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PY1:1-Arylide Yellow G

PBr23-Van Dyke Brown

PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]

Pigment Name

PY1:1-Arylide Yellow G

Pigment Type

organic, monoazo

Chemical Formula

C17H16N4O4

Properties

Arylide Yellow G is a variant of Hansa Yellow G (PY1). It is a transparent yellow with great brightness and tinting strength. Its drying time ranges from average to slow. Hansa Yellow pigments make more intense tints and cleaner secondaries than Cadmium Yellows, especially when mixed with other organic or modern colors like Phthalo Blue and Green. Because they are more transparent, they have great value as glazing colors.

Permanence

Hansa Yellow G has good permanence and lightfastness, particularly in the lighter shades.

Toxicity

Hansa Yellow pigments have no significant acute hazards, though chronic hazards have not been well studied.

History

Hansa Yellows were first made in Germany just before World War I from a series of synthetic dyestuffs called Pigment Yellow. Hansa Yellow G, introduced in 1910, was the first of these products to be commercialized. Hansa Yellow G was the standard yellow for printing inks under late in the 20th century, when stronger diarylide yellows began to replace it. It is still used a great deal in packaging, and for air drying paints.

Pigment Name

PBr23-Van Dyke Brown

Pigment Type

organic, disazo

Chemical Formula

Properties

Permanence

Toxicity

History

This organic pigment has been called Van Dyke Brown because it is so similar to the brown used by Flemish painter Anthony van Dyck, although it is in fact a modern synthetic pigment. In addition to its use in art, it has been used as a pigment for coloring plastics and synthetic fibers.

Pigment Name

PB29-Ultramarine [Blue]

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur

Chemical Formula

Na8-10Al6Si6O24S2-4 or Na6-8Al6Si6O24S2-4

Properties

Ultramarine is the standard warm blue, a brilliant blue pigment that has the most purple and least green in its undertone. It has a moderate to high tinting strength and a beautiful transparency. Synthetic Ultramarine is not as vivid a blue as natural Ultramarine. Ultramarine dries slowly in oil and tends to produce clean, though granular, washes in watercolor. French Ultramarine mixes well with Alizarin colors in oil and watercolor form to create a range of purples and violets. It can dull when mixed with white in acrylic form, but mixes well with other colors. The shade varies based on manufacturer. Considered a great color for glazes, it is not suitable for frescoing.

Permanence

Ultramarine has excellent permanence, although synthetic Ultramarine is not as permanent as natural Ultramarine. It may discolor if exposed to acid because of its sulfuric content.

Toxicity

Ultramarine has no significant hazards.

History

The name for this pigment comes from the Middle Latin ultra, meaning beyond, and mare, meaning sea, because it was imported from Asia to Europe by sea. It is a prominent component of lapis lazuli and was used on Asian temples starting in the 6th century. It was one of the most expensive pigments in 16th century Europe, worth twice its weight in gold, and so was used sparingly and when commissions were larger. Ultramarine is currently imitated by a process invented in France in 1826 by Jean Baptiste Guimet, making blue affordable to artists and extending the range of colors on their palettes.