Schmincke Horadam Aquarell Artist Watercolor - Deep Sea Black, Supergranulation, Half Pan

Pigment Information

This color contains the following pigments:

PBk11-Mars Black

PB74-Cobalt Zinc Silicate Blue Phenacite

PB35-Cerulean Blue

Pigment Name

PBk11-Mars Black

Pigment Type

earth

Chemical Name

iron oxides

Chemical Formula

FeO or Fe2O3

Properties

Mars Black is an opaque black with a strong and cool masstone, a slightly warm tint, and a warm brown undertone. It is not as black as Ivory Black, but it dries more quickly and has three times the tinting strength. Mars Black is normally the only black available in acrylic form and that is safe to over paint. It can be used in all media without reservation and is widely used as an alternative to Lamp Black and Ivory Black.

Permanence

Mars Black is very lightfast with excellent permanence.

Toxicity

Mars Black has no significant hazards and is the only major black pigment considered non-toxic.

History

The word Mars refers to the Roman god of iron and war. Mars Black was developed in the early 20th century from inorganic, synthetic iron oxide.

Pigment Name

PB74-Cobalt Zinc Silicate Blue Phenacite

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

cobalt zinc silicate

Chemical Formula

(CoZi)2SiO4

Properties

Cobalt-zinc silicate is semi opaque and semi-soluble in water. It produces a warmer and darker blue that standard Cobalt Blue (PB28), and is used most often in glass and ceramics.

Permanence

Cobalt-zinc silicate is extremely lightfast and temperature stable.

Toxicity

Cobalt-zinc silicate is toxic, and its toxictiy may be of greater concern that for Cobalt Blue (PB28) because it is semi-soluble in water.

History

Since the discovery of processes for mining Cobalt Blue (PB28) in the 19th century, additional processes for manufacturing and purifying other cobalt salts have become available. Their use as artist pigments has followed.

Pigment Name

PB35-Cerulean Blue

Pigment Type

inorganic

Chemical Name

cobalt(II) stannate

Chemical Formula

CoO n SnO2

Properties

Cerulean Blue is the standard cool blue, considered the traditional counterpart to Ultramarine, and is often used for painting atmospheric shades. It is quick drying and retains its color well, better than any other blue, in oil paint form. However, it tends to granulate or become chalky in watercolors. It has limited hiding power, is semi-opaque, and is easy to control. Its tinting capacity is low, so it can become lost when mixing.

Permanence

Cerulean Blue has excellent permanence. It is very stable and lightfast.

Toxicity

Cerulean Blue is moderately toxic if inhaled or ingested and slightly toxic if it comes into contact with skin.

History

The name Cerulean Blue comes from the Latin word caelum, meaning sky. This pigment was discovered in 1805 by Andreas Hopfner, but it was not widely available until introduced by Messrs. G. Rowney & Co. in England under the name coeruleum in 1860 for use in aquarelle and oil painting. It was produced by the action of heat on cobalt oxide and other metallic bases.