Color Swatch created using heavy application/medium application/50% tint and was applied on acrylic primed canvas (7 oz) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PY184—Bismuth Yellow
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
bismuth orthovanadate or bismuth vanadium oxide
Chemical Formula
BiVO4
Properties
Bismuth Yellow is an intense, light value, semi-opaque yellow pigment with good tinting strength.
Permanence
Bismuth Yellow has excellent lightfastness.
Toxicity
Bismuth orthovanadate is harmful if swallowed. It is irritating to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Exposure may cause conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and reversible irritation of the respiratory tract. More severe cases may cause bronchitis, bronchospasms, and asthma like disease. It may cause polycythemia, red blood cell destruction and anemia, albuminuria and hematuria, gastrointestinal disorders, nervous complaints, and severe cough. However, bismuth vanadium oxide is completely insoluble in water. This limits absorption and biological activity. In waterbased paints, it must be suspended in a binder vehicle. Because of low absorption, such clinical symptons are primarily limited to cases of long-term occupational exposure.
History
Bismuth orthovanadate occurs naturally in several minerals. Although it was synthesized in the 1920s, it was not developed as a commercial pigment until the 1970s.
Alternate Names
Permanent Lemon Yellow, Vanadium Yellow.
PW5—Lithopone
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
coprecipitated zinc sulphide and barium sulphate
Chemical Formula
Zn + BaSO4
Properties
Lithopone is a low tinting strength, semi-transparent white pigment that is often used as a filler or extender in other colors, or as the base for laked pigments.
Permanence
Lithopone is absolutely permanent and lightfast.
Toxicity
Lithopone is not toxic.
History
Lithopone was discovered by G.F. de Doubet in 1850. It was developed commercially in the 1870s as a substitute or supplement for lead carbonate, to overcome the many shortcomings of white lead pigment, including toxicity, poor weathering, and darkening in the presence of sulfur compounds. It is used most often in interior paints and enamels. Its use as a white pigment has been superceeded in many applications by titanium dioxide.
Alternate Names
Transparent White.
PB15:3—Phthalo Blue
Pigment Type
organic
Chemical Name
beta copper phthalocyanine
Chemical Formula
C32H16CuN8
Properties
Phthalo Blue PB15:3 is a structural variant of Phthalo Blue PB15 that produces more greenish tones.
Permanence
Phthalo Blues are completely lightfast and stable and are permanent for all paint uses. They are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics due to their stability and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.
Toxicity
Phthalo Blues have no significant hazards, although those made before 1982 contained some PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
History
Developed by chemists using the trade name Monastral Blue, the organic blue dyestuff now known as Phthalo Blue was presented as a pigment in November 1935 in London. Its discovery was accidental. The dark color was observed in a kettle where a dye was being made from a British dyestuff plant. The demand for such a pigment came from commercial printers who wanted a cyan to replace Prussian Blue.
Alternate Names
Phthalo Blue Green Shade, Winsor Blue Green Shade
