Color Swatch created using heavy application/medium application/50% tint and was applied on acrylic primed canvas (7 oz) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PV23—Dioxazine Violet
Pigment Type
organic
Chemical Name
carbazole dioxazine
Chemical Formula
C34H22Cl2N4O2
Properties
Dioxazine Violet is transparent and has very high tinting strength. It is a staining pigment, very dark valued when it is used at full strength. Concentrated, it paints out nearly black, but it mixes with Titanium White to form bright, opaque tints of purple. PV23 produces slightly redder shades than PV37. Because the hue can vary with the conditions of preparation and grinding, it may be offered in red shade, blue shade, and so forth.
Permanence
Dioxazine Violet has good lightfastness. There may be some concern about it fading or shifting in color in tints and washes. Some artists have reported that PV37, a molecular variant, is more lightfast than PV23.
Toxicity
n/a
History
Two molecular variants of Dioxazine Violet, PV23 and PV37, are available. They have similar properties, but mix slightly differently.
Alternate Names
Dioxazine Purple, Chromothal Violet, Mauve, Carbazole Violet.
PR12—Permanent Bordeaux
Pigment Type
organic, monoazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
n/a
Properties
Permanent Bordeaux has excellent tinting strength.
Permanence
Permanent Bordeaux is reported to have good lightfastness.
Toxicity
n/a
History
Permanent Bordeaux (PR12) was discovered by H. Wagner in 1921. It has been used in many printing inks, plastics colorants, textile paints, and industrial paints. It is widely manufactured.
Alternate Names
Aquarine Bordeaux, Irgalite Bordeaux, Solintor Rubine
PR5—Naphthol Red
Pigment Type
monoazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C30H31ClN4O7S
Properties
This Naphthol Red is a bright deep red with bluish undertones. It has an average drying time.
Permanence
This Naphthol Red has fair to good lightfastness, not because of its masstone, but because it fades in tints. Not suitable for exterior use.
Toxicity
Naphthol Reds are not considered toxic. They may cause eye, skin, or respiratory irritation. Contact with dry pigment should be avoided.
History
Unknown.
Alternate Names
Naphthal, Naphthol Bordeaux, Naphthol Carbamide, Naphthol Carmine, Permanent Carmine, Permanent Red.
PR149—Perylene Red
Pigment Type
organic, anthraquinone
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C40H26N2O6
Properties
Perylene Red is a moderately intense, semi-opaque, medium red pigment, appearing somewhere between a Cadmium Red and a Cadmium Deep Red hue. It has excellent brightness and tinting strength. Its partial transparency makes it useful as a glazing color.
Permanence
Perylene Red has good lightfastness and permanence. Its tints may darken after extended exposure to sunlight. It is not considered suitable for exterior use.
Toxicity
Perylene Red has no significant acute toxicity. Its long term hazards are currently unknown.
History
Perylenes have been used as vat dyes since 1912, but they were not manufactured and sold as pigments until 1957. For artists, they are a replacement for historic colors that were made with berries, and are significantly more lightfast.
Alternate Names
Perylene Scarlet
PBk7—Lamp Black
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
carbon
Chemical Formula
C
Properties
Lamp black is a very opaque, heavily staining black pigment that does not have much covering or tinting power. It is typically the most opaque black in watercolor form. Though a very pure black, it tends to muddy slightly in mixtures. Natural sources may be brownish or bluish in tone because of impurities. When used in oil paints, it is one of the slowest drying pigments, and should not be used in underpainting or applied in layers underneath other colors.
Permanence
Lamp Black is very lightfast and absolutely permanent. It is used in all techniques in permanent painting.
Toxicity
Carbon itself is not considered hazardous, however other combustion products that are hazardous are often present as impurities when Lamp Black is produced from natural materials. For this reason, commercial preparations of the pigment should be considered slightly toxic. Avoid skin contact and inhalation. Where such impurities are present, Lamp Black is a possible human carcinogen.
History
Lamp Black is a carbon based black traditionally produced by collecting soot (known as lampblack) from oil lamps. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. It is the black found in Egyptian murals and tomb decorations and was the most popular black for fresco painting until the development of Mars Black.
Alternate Names
Carbon Black, Channel Black, Furnace Black, Oil Black, Vegetable Black. Flame Black is an impure version of Lamp Black. An alternate spelling is Lampblack, in which the first syllable is stressed and the two words are elided to form a closed compound.
