Color Swatch created using full strength/50/50 and was applied on cold press Bristol board (2 ply) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PR4—Permanent Red
Pigment Type
organic, monoazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
n/a
Properties
Pigment PR4 is an opaque, bright yellowish red pigment with high tinting strength.
Permanence
Pigment PR4 has good lightfastness, but newer red pigments are considered more permanent and reliable.
Toxicity
Known also as D&C Red No 36, PR4 is used in cosmetic products such as lipsticks. It has been tested for carcinogenic and mutagenic effects in laboratory rats.
History
Because it is inexpensive and has a long history of use in cosmetic products, Permanent Red PR4 is widely used in artist materials where safety is more important than archival preservation, as in children's art materials.
Alternate Names
Blazing Red, Flaming Red, D&C Red No 36.
PO13—Vibfast Orange 4051
Pigment Type
organic
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
n/a
Properties
Pigment Orange PO13 is a yellowish orange with high tinting strength.
Permanence
Pigment Orange PO13 has good lightfastness when used at full strength, but it may fade in tints. It is often replaced by PO61, which has lower tinting strength, but better lightfastness.
Toxicity
n/a
History
Pigment Orange PO13 is used in inks, textiles, paints, plastics, and rubber.
Alternate Names
n/a
PW6—Titanium White
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
titanium dioxide
Chemical Formula
TiO2
Properties
Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all purpose oil color useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it somewhere between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolor form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.
Permanence
Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies give no indiciation that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with inhalation of fine pigment dust particles. Titanium White, if inhaled in large amounts over the course of several years, may cause a benign pneumoconiosis that is visible on x-rays. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers fine titanium dioxide particles, if inhaled, to be a human carcinogen. The primary concern for artists is to avoid exposure to fine particulate dust from raw pigments.
History
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, however mineral deposits that are economical to mine are less common. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.
Alternate Names
None.
PY42—Mars Orange
Pigment Type
inorganic, earth
Chemical Name
iron oxide
Chemical Formula
Fe2O2 or Fe2O3 • H2O
Properties
Mars Orange is a bright, extremely light red and appears almost pinkish in contrast with darker colors. It has incredible tinting strength and opacity. The synthetic form of Mars Orange is made from iron oxides and is cleaner, brighter, and denser than its ochre-based counterparts.
Permanence
Mars Orange has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Mars Orange has no significant hazards.
History
The word Mars refers to the Roman god of iron and war. Mars Orange has been manufactured as a pigment since the 17th century.
Alternate Names
n/a
