Color Swatch created using heavy application/medium application/50% tint and was applied on acrylic primed canvas (7 oz) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PB27—Hooker’s Green
Pigment Type
mix of organic pigments
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C30H18FeN3O6Na
Properties
Hooker’s Green is a bright olive-green often sold in a yellowish shade and a bluish shade. Its transparency can range from dull and dark to bright and light because lightness and chroma vary based on manufacturer. Modern varieties have a rich, dark tone that provides a great range when mixing. Hooker’s Green is particularly good for landscape painting when a larger range of foliage is required. Dioxazine Violet is the best mixing compliment in watercolor form.
Permanence
The permanence and lightfastness of Hooker’s Green varies by brand. As a composite pigment historically mixed from Prussian Blue and Gamboge, its permanence is only fair. Modern replacements for Hooker's Green tend to be mixed with components that have more permanence, such as Phthalocyanine Green, Burnt Umber, and sometimes Hansa or Cobalt Yellow.
Toxicity
Hooker’s Green can be hazardous, but the toxicity level depends on the specific pigments used by each individual manufacturer or brand.
History
This pigment was originally an unreliable mix of Prussian or Iron Blue and Gamboge. Later, it became a more reliable mix of Cadmium Yellow and Phthalo Blue or Green. It was a staple green for 19th century landscape and botanical painters. Most modern Hooker’s Green paints are yellow greens with a hue angle around 140, or a mix of Phthalo Green and Burnt Umber.
Alternate Names
n/a
PY53—Nickel Titanium Yellow
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
mixed metal oxide
Chemical Formula
(Ti,Ni,Sb)O2
Properties
Nickel Titanium Yellow is one of the cleanest and brightest of the inorganic pigments. It has a low tinting strength and average to slow drying time.
Permanence
Nickel Titanium Yellow has excellent lightfastness and outstanding stability with regard to chemicals, weather, and heat. It is durable in exterior conditions.
Toxicity
Nickel Titanium Yellow is not considered toxic.
History
Nickel Titanium Yellow was developed in the 1960s.
Alternate Names
Nickel Titanate Yellow, Nickel Yellow.
PY74—Hansa Yellow
Pigment Type
monoazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C18H18N4O6
Properties
Pigment PY74 is one of the most commercially important pigments of the Hansa Yellow group, considered superior to many others in its class based on both tinting strength and lightfastness. Several PY74 grades with different particle sizes are available. Grades with finer particle size are more brilliant and transparent. Pigment PY74 ranges from reddish yellow to greenish yellow, with temperature shifts from cool to warm hues. It has high tinting strength and average to slow drying time.
Permanence
This Hansa Yellow has better lightfastness that other yellow monoazo pigments, particularly in the darker shades.
Toxicity
Hansa Yellow has no significant acute hazards, though its chronic hazards have not been well studied.
History
Hansa Yellows were first made in Germany just before WW1 from a series of synthetic dyestuffs called Pigment Yellow. They were intended to be a synthetic replacement for Cadmium Yellow.
Alternate Names
Arylide, Arylide Yellow, Azo, Brilliant Yellow, Monoazo, Monolite Yellow, Permanent Yellow.
