Color Swatch created using full strength/50/50 and was applied on acrylic primed canvas (7 oz) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PW6—Titanium White
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
titanium dioxide
Chemical Formula
TiO2
Properties
Titanium White is the most brilliant of the white pigments. It is considered an all purpose oil color useful in all techniques and the best all around white. Its masstone is neither warm nor cool, placing it somewhere between Lead White and Zinc White. It is less prone to cracking and yellowing than Lead White, but it still yellows easily. Titanium White dries slowly in oil form, more slowly than Lead White but more quickly than Zinc White. It is opaque in oil and acrylic forms and semi-opaque in watercolor form. This pigment has good chemical stability, and its tinting strength is superior to both Lead White and Zinc White.
Permanence
Titanium White has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Titanium dioxide is highly stable and is regarded as completely non-toxic. Animal studies give no indiciation that it is absorbed biologically, even after long periods of exposure. The primary safety concern is with inhalation of fine pigment dust particles. Titanium White, if inhaled in large amounts over the course of several years, may cause a benign pneumoconiosis that is visible on x-rays. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) considers fine titanium dioxide particles, if inhaled, to be a human carcinogen. The primary concern for artists is to avoid exposure to fine particulate dust from raw pigments.
History
Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, however mineral deposits that are economical to mine are less common. Titanium dioxide was first discovered in 1821, although it could not be mass produced until 1919. Widespread use of the pigment began in the 1940s. Since that time, it has become the most commonly used white pigment. The name comes from the Latin word Titan, the name for the elder brother of Kronos and ancestor of the Titans, and from the Greek word tito, meaning day or sun.
Alternate Names
None.
PO16—Dianisidine Orange
Pigment Type
organic, disazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C34H32N6O6
Properties
Dianisidine Orange is a semi-opaque orange dye that can be laked to form a pigment. This pigment ranges from yellowish to reddish orange in different laked forms.
Permanence
Dianisidine Orange has only fair lightfastness.
Toxicity
A Japanese study in which rats were given large daily doses of Dianisidine Orange revealed no acute toxicity or mutagenic effects.
History
Dianisidine Orange is used mostly in coloring plastics and in inks, in applications where safety is important but lightfastness and longevity are not paramount.
Alternate Names
Benzidine Orange R
PY12—Diarylide Yellow 12
Pigment Type
organic, disazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
n/a
Properties
Pigment PY12 offers a reddish yellow.
Permanence
Pigment PY12 has been reported to fade with exposure to sunlight.
Toxicity
n/a
History
The diarylide yellows are a family of bright yellow pigments with a similar molecular structure. Discovered by Grieshiem-Elektron, Pigment Yellow 12 has been used in lithographic and offset printing applications, textiles, plastics, and paints.
Alternate Names
n/a
