Color Swatch created using heavy application/diluted application and was applied on cold press watercolor paper (150 lb) material.
This color contains the following pigments:
PY153—Nickel Dioxine Yellow
Pigment Type
organic synthetic
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
C28H12N2O2
Properties
Nickel dioxine yellow is a semi-transparent, lightly staining yellow pigment with high tinting strength, although less than that of the diarylides. It is considered a good color match for Indian
Yellow, a historic pigment that is no longer available. Drying time is average.
Permanence
Nickel Dioxine Yellow has excellent lightfastness.
Toxicity
Nickel metal is toxic and may irritate skin.
History
Unknown.
Alternate Names
Dioxine Yellow Nickel.
PY151—Benzimidazolone Yellow
Pigment Type
oranic, monoazo
Chemical Name
n/a
Chemical Formula
n/a
Properties
Benzimidazolone Yellow is a greenish yellow pigment with dull tints and an average drying time. It mixes very cleanly. It mixes cleanly with both Phthalo Green and Titanium White. Although more expensive than many Hansa and Diarylide pigments, its mixing properties, durability, and lightfastness have won it many customers.
Permanence
Benzimidazolone Yellow has excellent lightfastness and durability. This has made it an extremely important pigment in the printing industry, for applications where lightfastness is a primary consideration. Though it is not absolutely lightfast, it ranks extremely well among organic yellows.
Toxicity
Benzimidazolone Yellow is not considered toxic.
History
The benzimidazolone group of pigments was developed and patented in 1960 by Hoechst A.G., a German chemical manufacturer that was a forerunner of the pharmaceutical company Aventis.
Alternate Names
Benzimidazolone.
PG7—Phthalo Green
Pigment Type
organic
Chemical Name
polychlorinated copper(II) phthalocyanine
Chemical Formula
C32H3Cl13CuN8 to C32HCl15CuN8 or C32H16CuN8Cl15 (PG7) or C32Br6Cl10CuN8 (PG36)
Properties
Phthalo Green is a transparent, cool, bright, high intensity color used in oil and acrylics. It comes from a Phthalocyanine Blue pigment where most of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with chlorine, forming highly stable molecules. It has similar pigment properties and permanence to Phthalo Blue. It is slow drying and an excellent base color for mixing a range of bright greens. Phthalo Green is considered a very good alternative to Viridian because it is intense and mixes well and can be used to emphasize mineral colors in various tints. However, its tinting strength is very high, so it can overpower other colors. This pigment most closely resembles the discontinued and toxic Verdigris.
Permanence
Phthalo Greens are completely lightfast and resistant to alkali, acids, solvents, heat, and ultraviolet radiation. They are currently used in inks, coatings, and many plastics due to their stability and are considered a standard pigment in printing ink and the packaging industry.
Toxicity
Phthalo Green has no significant hazards, but it contained PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) until 1982.
History
This bright blue-green was developed in 1935 and has been in use since 1938.
Alternate Names
Bocour Green, Cyan Green, Intense Green, Monastral Green, Phthalocyanine Green, Rembrandt Green, Thalo Green, Winsor Green.
PY42—Mars Orange
Pigment Type
inorganic, earth
Chemical Name
iron oxide
Chemical Formula
Fe2O2 or Fe2O3 • H2O
Properties
Mars Orange is a bright, extremely light red and appears almost pinkish in contrast with darker colors. It has incredible tinting strength and opacity. The synthetic form of Mars Orange is made from iron oxides and is cleaner, brighter, and denser than its ochre-based counterparts.
Permanence
Mars Orange has excellent permanence and lightfastness.
Toxicity
Mars Orange has no significant hazards.
History
The word Mars refers to the Roman god of iron and war. Mars Orange has been manufactured as a pigment since the 17th century.
Alternate Names
n/a
PBk7—Lamp Black
Pigment Type
inorganic
Chemical Name
carbon
Chemical Formula
C
Properties
Lamp black is a very opaque, heavily staining black pigment that does not have much covering or tinting power. It is typically the most opaque black in watercolor form. Though a very pure black, it tends to muddy slightly in mixtures. Natural sources may be brownish or bluish in tone because of impurities. When used in oil paints, it is one of the slowest drying pigments, and should not be used in underpainting or applied in layers underneath other colors.
Permanence
Lamp Black is very lightfast and absolutely permanent. It is used in all techniques in permanent painting.
Toxicity
Carbon itself is not considered hazardous, however other combustion products that are hazardous are often present as impurities when Lamp Black is produced from natural materials. For this reason, commercial preparations of the pigment should be considered slightly toxic. Avoid skin contact and inhalation. Where such impurities are present, Lamp Black is a possible human carcinogen.
History
Lamp Black is a carbon based black traditionally produced by collecting soot (known as lampblack) from oil lamps. It has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. It is the black found in Egyptian murals and tomb decorations and was the most popular black for fresco painting until the development of Mars Black.
Alternate Names
Carbon Black, Channel Black, Furnace Black, Oil Black, Vegetable Black. Flame Black is an impure version of Lamp Black. An alternate spelling is Lampblack, in which the first syllable is stressed and the two words are elided to form a closed compound.
